U.s. Health Care System - 1439 Words

The U.S. health care system consumes a huge amount of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and is a massive system that provides essential and world-class care to millions of people (Niles, 2016). As a result of this huge burden of cost associated with it, the U.S. healthcare system has been critiqued, and has played a major role in sparking debates about changes to the way the U.S. healthcare system is run and organized. Thus, healthcare has been on the forefront of many American and politician minds over the last decade and beyond, and many proposals and attempts have been made to change and adapt the complex and influential U.S. healthcare system. One such attempt, that brought about incredibly influential change to the U.S. healthcare†¦show more content†¦The Marketplace was set up to provide an exchange pool of consumers with the intent to then provide more affordable and equal coverage for all Americans, and allows individuals to evaluate different options and plans for insurance coverage offered by companies, with plans ranging from bronze to platinum, expensive to inexpensive, 60% of cost covered to 90% of cost covered (Neporent, 2013). This market gives access to quality coverage that is regulated and monitored, all in one place, and then also connects people with government subsidies and tax breaks to offset cost for people that are eligible. Following the passing of the Affordable Care Act the Marketplace became the hub for people obtaining insurance for the first time or simply switching to Obamacare, with thousands and thousands of people entering the exchanges, and enjoying the choices and benefits of coverage, and others received the burden of new taxes to cover some of the new costs associated with the new system (Affordable Care Act Summary, n.d.; Health NetworkShow MoreRelatedU.s. Health Care System1329 Words   |  6 PagesContrast U.S. Healthcare Policy Compare and Contrast U.S. Healthcare Policy Shaquita Jefferson MHA 620 Dr. Rhonda C. Hatfield August 10, 2015 The Canadian system is often considered the model for the U.S. health care system. Both countries health care systems are very different-Canada has a single-payer, mostly publicly-funded system, while the U.S. has a multi-payer, profoundly private system but both countries appear to be similar and suggesting that it might be possible that the U.S. toRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. health care system is perhaps one of the most complex and plastic industries present within the current world economy. With a projected market sector value of $3,455.1 billion by the end of 2016 the U.S. health care providers market represents a significant portion of the economy (â€Å"Research and Markets; Healthcare Providers in the United States,† 2012). For someone that finds themselves in the position of management it is certainly an orthodox presumption that they incorporate into theirRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1696 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"fixâ₠¬  the U.S. health care system that is supposedly the best in the world? At the time of this program, the U.S. was 37th in the world in terms of fairness and quality (Palfreman, 2008). Other rich countries were ahead of this U.S. in this ranking but were spending a lot less. Frontline’s reporter, T.R. Reid traveled to 5 different countries to examine their health care systems on how this was possible and hopefully come away with any ideas that could potentially help with the U.S. health care systemRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1539 Words   |  7 Pages The U.S. health care system faces challenges that indicate that the people urgently need to be reform. Attention has rightly focused on the approximately 46 million Americans who are uninsured, and on the many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums and out-of-pocket costs. As Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to reduce the number of Americans without insurance coverage, we must simultaneously address shortfalls in the quality and efficiency ofRead MoreU.s. Health Care System Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pages1. What is the real and perceived performance of the U.S. health care system? Are the views different among patients, providers, payers, and policy makers? Why or why not? According to Kovner and Knickman (2011), acutely ill patients within the country may hold a positive view of the country’s healthcare system, as the U.S. is scientifically and technology advanced in treating life-threatening injuries and illnesses. Overall quality of healthcare performance, however, is lacking (Kovner Read MoreU.s. Health Care System2431 Words   |  10 PagesU.S. Healthcare System On March 23, 2010, the President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) which represents the most significant regulatory that impacts the U.S. healthcare systems. With PPACA, 32 millions of Americans are expected the coverage and expanded access to health care and medical care. Due to the baby boomers and the downfall of the economics, there will be millions of people are seeking for low rates medical care which will create great impact on URead MoreU.s. Health Care System Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. health care system is way more complex than what meets the eye. A major difference between the health care system in the U.S. and other nations, is that the U.S. does not have universal health care. Lack of a universal health care opens up the doors for competition amongst insurance, physicians, technology, hospitals and outpatient services. Health care insurance in the U.S. is extremely competitive and not always fair. Recently in 2012, The Affordable Care Act passed by Barack Obama setRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1142 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction U.S. Health Care System Health care systems are organizations that are formed to meet the overall health needs of the population. Health care is regarded as one of the leading cause in promoting not only physical and mental health but the well-being of the population. Legislation is implemented requiring government to offer services to all members of its society. The role of health services and the organizations that provide aid is to focus on the health of an individual and to upholdRead MoreThe U.s. Health Care System886 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. Health Care System is very unique; it is mostly based on cultural, social and economic factors. Within the system exists various subsystems of several interrelated and interdependent components. During the process of birthing a Health Care Delivery System, the ultimate goal is to provide a cost effective universal access to all in need. When it comes to the U.S. Health Care Delivery System, compare to other developed countries that are under National Healt h Insurance programs; the U.S. althoughRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1935 Words   |  8 Pages The U.S. health care system faces challenges and it is urgent that the American people become aware of these challenges. There are approximately 46 million Americans who are uninsured, and many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums have to pay out-of-pocket costs. As Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to reduce the number of Americans without insurance coverage, people must address shortfalls in the quality and efficiency of care that lead to

The Strengths and Weakness of the key Methods of concepts of Usability Free Essays

string(42) " effect in the experience of interaction\." The method used in any form of media analysis is crucial to the outcome of the particular piece of research. This can be applied to any scientifically based source of analysis. This also includes the social sciences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weakness of the key Methods of concepts of Usability or any similar topic only for you Order Now In relation to the study of computer systems, this also applies as computer systems are ultimately utilised by human agents. This has meant that the human-computer interaction inherent to computer systems are now undeniably twinned with the social sciences and humanities. Therefore, the relationship between methodologies and outcomes also applies to any analysis based upon computer use and development. For this essay, the particular concept based upon human-computer interfacing to be scrutinised was that of usability. Like most other concepts in the human sciences, the concept of usability has its own particular methodological components and tools. The particular methodological tools relating to usability chosen for this analysis were the qualitative measurements used in focus groups, interview techniques and the concept of usability itself. As usability is essentially a cognitively focused concept then the data used in the analysis of usability is primarily qualitative. This means that to measure usability, feedback is usually qualified in terms of empirical rather than positivist data as it is based upon experience. This is why the empirical methods of the focus group and interview technique that pertain to the social sciences are used and were to be addressed in this essay. The main conceptual components of usability were outlined by its forefather Jacob Neilson, who stated that a heuristic analysis of interactive experiences could be judged on the basis of their success to ascertain as to whether a computer system was good or bad. This means that we must first of all look at the strengths and weaknesses of usability before we critique them. However, we must also identify the components before we begin the analysis. As we have already suggested, usability is not a quantitative term relating to any fixed data outcome. This means that to identify the key conceptual components in the analysis of usability, we must clearly define what they are. Further, Neilson also states that the key components of usability are essential to any analysis. It is from this overview of the concept of usability that we will turn to an analysis highlighting its strengths and weaknesses in methodological approach. The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Key Methods and Concepts of Usability It is clear that there is a relationship between computer systems and the construction of human social systems. The computer is become an essential component in advanced technological cultures. In many ways it has become the dominant tool of communication now that it has implemented the formerly distinct mediums of television and text. In relation to the computer as a social medium, it is its interactive nature that separates it from other mediums. This can be seen as being realised as early as the 1970s, in an age before interactive communication had actualised. For example, the notion of the hypertext put forward by seminal thinker and post modern philosopher Jean Baudrillard highlights the way in which interactivity constructs not only social relations with each other, but also the sensual relationship that we have individually with the computer interface. In one crucial extract, Baudrillard states that the relationship with the interface is one: ‘Based on contact, a sensory mimicry and a tactile mysticism, basically ecology in its entirety, comes to be grafted on to this universe of operational simulation, multi-stimulation and multi response. ’ (Baudrillard, 1976, p. 9) It is from the realisation in the extract that contemporary theorists and experts in the field of human-computer relations have developed the concept of usability. This is essentially the yardstick by which the connectivity between the computer system and human cognitive functioning can be devised and then measured in terms of its success. In essence, it is part of the interactive feedback produced by the human through their experience that determines whether the interactive process in any particular experience is successful or not. This measurement can therefore be referred to as its usability. Basing his approach on this philosophical realisation, Jacob Neilson devised a way in which this interactive process could be qualitatively measured. This includes the methodologies associated with empirically based social science, including focus groups and interview techniques. To utilise these factors in the potential success, or successful construction of web design, Neilson outlined ten primary factors. These were developed as part of a heuristic system. These factors include: ‘1. Visibility of system status, 2. Match between system and the real world, 3. User control and freedom, 4. Consistency and standards, 5. Error prevention, 6. Recognition rather than recall, 7. Flexibility and efficiency of use, 8. Aesthetic and minimalist design, 9. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors, 10. Help and documentation’ (Neilson, 1994) By developing a system based upon these key factors, Neilson created a rigid conceptual model for successful user-face design, implementing the functional principles of human contact with the computer interface. This heuristic formulation has had success in both developing web design and measuring the interactivity of the design. For instance, it‘s methodology has been found to be able to identify ‘major usability problems’ (CHFCS, 1992). Further, by implementing this measuring tool based upon empirical feedback, such as in the case of the focus group and interview technique, the success of identifying and treating any problems in the functioning of a problematic web site have a ‘higher probability of being found in a heuristic evaluation’ (CHFCS, 1992). The strength of using such methodologies is that they arrive at experience driven results that indicate problems relating to cognition. Further, this allows the problems associated with web design to be identified in relation to usability when utilised in terms of feedback. Essentially, the qualitative data can be measured in relation to the themes indicated by Neilson that have a known cognitive effect in the experience of interaction. You read "The Strengths and Weakness of the key Methods of concepts of Usability" in category "Papers" This is further exemplified in the rationale on Neilson’s own web site devoted to the heuristic analysis of computer systems. The site follows the principles of the design, whilst explaining the way in which to utilise the principles of usability. The extent to which Neilson demonstrates the use of these principles and validates the evidence that can be used is revealed in a number of examples that have achieved success through usability. This is highlighted in the extract which states that: ‘Rapid Application Development (RAD) processes such as Agile, Scrum, and the like, simultaneously pose an opportunity and a threat to achieving a quality user experience. It all depends on how it’s handled. The standard methodologies as described in books don’t work in practice, if you care about the usability of your products. But small modifications work wonders’ (Useit. com, 2009) This notion of adaptability is another strength of the methodology as it recognises the need for human feedback in a thematic and conceptual format. Furthermore, it reveals the diverse nature in which feedback can be drawn before being applied to the core conditions laid out in the heuristic principles. Rather than using quantitative data or rigid data referring to hypotheses, the data is given in a thematic sense highlighting the individual’s experience with the site and the cognitive problems that may have occurred in the process. The key heuristic principles then allow for problem identification and adjustments made in a bid to enhance the experience of usability. In essence, the measurements are set for a versatile analysis of computer systems in relation to interactivity. This can utilise a wide range of empirical and qualitative methodologies. However, the methodologies will not simply address the likes and dislikes of the individuals, but also relate their experience to the cognitive disparity between human and computer. Contrastingly, the weaknesses in this approach and its methodologies can be seen in a return to the philosophical underpinnings of usability and the significance of the immersive experience. Rather than there being any problem with the methodologies used in relation to the heuristic principles, it is in the conceptual basis of usability itself that we see the greatest amount of criticism being applied. This is primarily because the notion of usability is founded upon one key principle indicated by Baudrillard at the rejection of the other. Essentially, although Neilson outlines interactivity and marries this to the concept of human cognition with a degree of success, it is conceptually focused upon functioning. That is to say, that the immersion of the user experience is only measured in terms of how the interface functions and its success in that outcome. Further, this success is only relative to the user’s cognitive functioning. By basing his principles and outcomes on cognitive functioning, he denies any aesthetic or intellectual action made by the user in relation to the experience. For example, the lack of aesthetic design can be evidenced in relation to his own web site. This is because it takes a functional approach at the expense of any aesthetic. However, the aesthetic experience to functioning can not be overlooked in the experience of the user. The irony here is that while Neilson may be dismissing aesthetics in his design, his consumers i. e. the users of his site are nevertheless subject to an aesthetic experience. While being functional in terms of usability, the site is aesthetically detrimental to the experience of the user. In this sense, it would appear that Neilson is simply rejecting the role and significance of aesthetic experience from the experience of interfacing. The other major criticism of usability and the methodologies that it utilises is in relation to the extent of interactivity that the heuristic principles allow for. Essentially, with such a simple form of processing information, then the role of interactivity is lost in the experience. That is to say that the computer system is simply conforming to the will of the user rather than engaging with them. This denies the validity of the interactive process to some degree in terms of immersion. For example, Sherry Tuckle denotes the significance of interactivity in the construct of the self. Essentially, she suggests that the chances of immersion within the web site are better increased by a degree of socialised feedback that can be sensually registered in terms of another intelligent entity, rather than coded responses (Turkle, 1997). The suggestion here is that the more diverse the computer can respond in terms of immediate sensual feedback, the greater the chances of immersion become. In relation to designs based upon a purely functioning information source, the experience becomes that of an entity wishing to ascertain information as if the computer itself. This is quite a contrast to the actual human experience that is found in the process of interaction. With this notion of seeking information we can see another criticism. Rather than being subject to the experience of a user world based upon multi-stimulus, the user is driven by a purpose to collect information through a cognitively mutual function. While this perhaps serves well as the provision of a service based upon receiving or extracting information, it denies the process of immersion and interactivity that may instil or insight a relationship between the user and the web site. This oversight is highlighted well in Neilson’s claims that ‘evolution did not intend humans to navigate in 3D space’ (Molich Neilson, 1990). What is indicative of oversight in this idea is that humans already inhabit a 3D space in the real world. Essentially, the notion of the interactive experience is one that negates the actual experience. This means that the experiences being utilised by the methodologies are overlooked and reinterpreted to arrive at the web sites success in providing a service based upon function. This emphasises Neilson’s dualistic belief that there is a cyber-reality based upon function and a real-reality that bears no relation. This is contradictory in that it goes against the principles of hyper-reality outlined by Baudrillard and many other theorists and critics who highlight the way in which computer systems interact to create a virtual world based upon our own real world. Conclusion We can see from this essay that Neilson’s notion of usability is immensely significant in relation to the computer medium and how it is used. It has a good and practical methodological component borrowed from the social sciences, based upon the cognitive relationship between humans and computers. It is a good approach that utilises experience and addresses the cognitive relationship between user and web site. However, at a more intricate level, it rejects the aesthetic experience from the design that constitutes much of the potential for immersion. In this, it rejects or denies the very essence of any engaged human experience and replaces it with outcomes. Further, it supports the notion of a dualism between that of user reality and actual reality, which denies any notion of virtual reality. Essentially, the experience of the interactive process is supported by usability in its utilisation of the methodologies of the social sciences, yet denies it in its reduction of the user experience to that of a static functionally directed process based upon stimulus and response. Although it has borrowed from Baudrillard and hypertext to great effect, it has negated the principles of a multi-faceted aesthetic activity and denied much of the sensual and tactile experience that immersion involves. Bibliography Baudrillard, J. , (1976) Symbolic Exchange and Death Taken from: The Order of Simulacra (1993) London: Sage. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. , (1992) Finding usability problems through heuristic evaluation Monterey, California, United States, p. 373 – 380 Molich, R, Nielsen, J. , (1990) Improving a human-computer dialogue, Communications of the ACM, v. 33 n. 3, p. 338-348 Nielsen, J. (1994). Heuristic evaluation. In Nielsen, J. , and Mack, R. L. (Eds. ), Usability Inspection Methods, John Wiley Sons, New York, NY. Turkle, S. , (1994) Constructions and Reconstructions of Self in Virtual Reality: Playing in the MUDs. † Mind, Culture, and Activity: An International Journal 1, no. 3 : 158-167. Useit. com (2009) Taken from: www. useit. com. How to cite The Strengths and Weakness of the key Methods of concepts of Usability, Papers

Life Cycle Coasting in the Circular Economy-Samples for Student

Question: Disucss about the Feasibility of the life cycle costing for Circular Economy Business models for SMEs. Answer: Introduction Circular economy can be defined as the renewable resource of economy that can minimise the wastage as well as the leakage of economy resources. In this report, feasibility of the life cycle costing for Circular Economy Business models for SMEs within the top sector Water. However, this life cycle costing for Circular Economy Business models for SMEs will be highly useful for the agriculture and food in Bangladesh. This level of life costing program will enhance livestock and pasture management, soil management and improvise the water management process. Research objectives This research paper aims to identify the different options to apply on life cycle coasting in the circular economy of Bangladesh that would help benefit the Small Medium Enterprises (SME). In this research paper main objectives are: To analyse different factors of life cycle costing in the water resource management sector of Bangladesh. To analyse the impact of SMEs in the business model of circular economy of Bangladesh. To determine the scope of water management for the improvement in food and agriculture sector of Bangladesh. Research questions To conduct this research there are few research questions to answer in order to complete the research. These questions are as: What are the different factors of life cycle costing in water resource management sector of Bangladesh? What role does SMEs play in the business model of circular economy of Bangladesh? What is the scope for water management to improve the food and agriculture sector of Bangladesh? Problem analysis Feasibility of the life cycle costing for Circular Economy Business models for SMEs: Agriculture, being the major source of Bangladeshs economy, water sector management is the essential requirement of the country. Agriculture sector is contributing 17% of the total GDP and around 84% of rural population depends on agriculture(Rahman, 2017). The problem analysis of this research paper aims on the different problems in the water resource management which plays a significant role in the life cycle costing of for circular economy business model of Bangladesh. There will be several benefits which could be used as supporting data for implementing life cycle costing for Circular Economy Business models for SME in Bangladesh such as it reduces high running costs in water management, implementing effective soil management to promote the agriculture work(GED, 2015). Research methodology Research methodology defines the strategy of researcher to address and analyse the problems. The process of research methodology would be collect the data from the primary and secondary sources such as using observation, interview with the farmers and conducting seminars(Kulkarni K, 2014). In addition to this, secondary sources like journals and statistics data could also be used to analyse the Feasibility of the life cycle costing for Circular Economy Business models for SME in Bangladesh(Rahi, 2017). Further after collecting the required data there are two basic: Qualitative research Quantitative research From the above background the research determines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) for an effective quantitative research of the major institutions and organisations in Bangladesh. SWOT is one of the effective methodologies of research analysis. This methodology is about conducting both the internal (strengths and weaknesses) and the external (opportunities and threats) factors. Findings and discussion SWOT analysis of the major governance institutes and organisations in the water sector of Bangladesh analyse the marking information about the specific factors aiming the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of these organisations. The country is gifted with so many rivers and rivulets, and the SWOT analysis recognises that a large amount of water bodies evolving as an important strength. However, the mismanagement of these water resources is increasing the damaging effects of flooding and other pollution problems(Chan, Roy, Chaffin, 2016). Subsequently, Bangladesh is turning the ground water resources in the major resources for the water supply in industries as well as for drinking purpose. Therefore, Bangladesh has a great feasibility of the life cycle costing for Circular Economy Business models for SMEs in the water sector(Maitra Mukhopadhyay, 2012). Conclusion This study aims to develop a theoretical feasibility for expanding the water resource management in Bangladesh with the help of SWOT analysis of the major institutional and organisational impact of the water governance of Bangladesh. Our findings in this research further shows that there is a lack of successful implementation of international water resource management system and this is the result of lack of coordination among the institutions and the organisations responsible for developing the implementation of the water resource management policies. References Chan, N. W., Roy, R., Chaffin, B. B. (2016). Water Governance in Bangladesh: An Evalutionn of Institutional and Political Context. Water, pp. 1-18. GED. (2015). Seventh Five Year Plan FY2016-2020. Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens, DHAKA: General Economics Devosion (GED). Kulkarni, N., K, P. G. (2014). Research MEthodology: Review Artical. International JOurnal of Innovation Research development, 3(7), 168-173. Maitra, B., Mukhopadhyay, C. K. (2012). Public Spending on Education, Health care and Economic Growth in Selected Countries of Asia and the Pacific. Asia-Pecific Development Journal, 19-48. Rahi, S. (2017). Research Design and Methods: A Systematic Review of Research Paradigm, Sampling Issues and Instruments Development. International Journal of Economics Management Science, 1-5. Rahman, M. T. (2017). Role of Agriculture in Bangladesh Economy: Uncovering the Problems and Challenge. International Journal of Business and management, 6(7), 36-46.